2025级管理类联考英语（二）真题及答案（考生回忆版）

There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when you need it. Psychologists have been interested in this 1 for decades, not least because people’s widespread 2 to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.

Asking or help takes 3 . It involves communicating a need on your part—there’s something you can’t do. 4 , you’re broadcasting your own weaknesses which can be 5 . You might worry about coming across as incompetent. You might have 6 about losing control of whatever it is you’re asking for help with 7 someone starts to help, perhaps they’ll takeover, or get credit for your earlier efforts. Yet another 8 that might be worried about is being a nuisance or  9  the person you goto for help.

If you struggle with low self-esteem, you might find it especially difficult to 10 for help because you have the added worry of the other person 11 your request. You might see such refusals as implying something 12 about the status of your relationship with them. To 13 these difficulties, try to remind yourself that everyone needs help sometimes. Nobody knows everything and can do everything all by themselves. And while you might 14 coming across as incompetent, there’s actually research that shows that advice-seekers are 15 as more competent, not less.

Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to 16 times they’d sought help in the past. The findings showed that help-seeker generally underestimate how 17 other people will be to help and how good it’ll make the help-giver feel (for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly 18 ).

So, bear all this in mind the next time you need to ask for help 19 , take care over who you ask and when you ask them. And if someone can’t help right now, avoid talking it personally. They might just be too 20 , or they might not feel confident about their ability to help

1. [A] illusion

[B] discussion

[C] tradition

[D] question

正确答案 D

2. [A] reluctance

[B] ambition

[C] tendency

[D] enthusiasm

正确答案 A

3. [A] attention

[B] talent

[C] courage

[D] patience

正确答案 C

4. [A] At anytime

[B] In other words

[C] By all means

[D] On the contrary

正确答案 B

5. [A] unrealistic

[B] deceptive

[C] tiresome

[D] uncomfortable

正确答案 D

6. [A] doubts

[B] concerns

[C] suggestions

[D] secrets

正确答案 B

7. [A] Once

[B] Unless

[C] Although

[D] Before

正确答案 A

8. [A] theory

[B] choice

[C] factor

[D] context

正确答案 C

9. [A] overpraising

[B] outperforming

[C] reassessing

[D] inconveniencing

正确答案 D

10. [A] reach out

[B] settle down

[C] turn over

[D] look back

正确答案 A

11. [A] declining

[B] considering

[C] criticising

[D] evaluating

正确答案 A

12. [A] unnecessary

[B] negative

[C] strange

[D] impractical

正确答案 B

13. [A] explain

[B] identify

[C] predict

[D] overcome

正确答案 D

14. [A] deny

[B] forget

[C] miss

[D] fear

正确答案 D

15. [A] disguised

[B] perceived

[C] followed

[D] introduced

正确答案 B

16. [A] recall

[B] classify

[C] analyse

[D] compare

正确答案 A

17. [A] brave

[B] disapproving

[C] willing

[D] hesitant

正确答案 C

18. [A] relaxing

[B] surprising

[C] rewarding

[D] demanding

正确答案 C

19. [A] Thus

[B] Also

[C] Finally

[D] Instead

正确答案 B

20. [A] polite

[B] proud

[C] busy

[D] lazy

正确答案 C

U.S. customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips. This includes restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide range of businesses started processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems. These systems often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.

Today’s tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip.

Customers in the past nearly always paid tips after receiving a service. Like at the conclusion of a restaurant meal or after getting a haircut or once your pizza was delivered. That timing could reward high-quality service and give workers an incentive to provide it.

It’s becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips.

The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kinds of services. Customers now routinely see menus of suggested default options—often well above 20% of what they owe. The amounts have risen from 10% or less in the 1950s to 15% around the year 2000 to 20% or higher today. This increase is sometimes called application—the expectation of ever-higher tip amounts.

Tipping has always been a vital source of income for workers in historically tipped services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as US $2.13 an hour. Tip creep and tipflation are now further supplementing the income of many low-wage service workers. Notably, tipping primarily benefits some of these workers, such as waiters, but not others, such as cooks and dishwashers. To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.

So, to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to the temptations of tip creep and tipflation. However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip, too often. And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous and often completely dissociated from service quality.

21. According to Paragraph 1, the practice oftipping                   .

A. was regarded as a sign of generosity

B. was considered essential for waiters

C. was away ofrewarding

D. was optional in most business

22. Compared with tips in the past, today’stips                   .

A. are much less frequently

B. are less often requested in

C. have less to do with service quality

D. contribute less to worker’s sincere

23. Tip requests are creeping into new services as a result of                   .

A. the advancement oftechnology

B. the desire for income

C. the diversification of business

D. the emergence oftipflation

24. The movement toward no-tipping services intended to                   .

A. promote consumption

B. enrich income sources

C. maintain reasonable price

D. guarantee income fairness

25. It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping                   .

A. is becoming a burden for customers

B. helps encourage quality service

C. is vital to business development

D. reflects the need to reduce price

When it was established, the National Health Service was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with the country facing very different health challenges, it is clear that model is out of date.

From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates, we are lagging behind many of our peers. With more than 6.8 million on wait lists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment, and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services. The OBR now describes healthcare spending as the “largest—and most likely—source oflong-term risk to fiscal sustainability.”

As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures on the workforce—which is already near breaking point—will only become more acute.

Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals. And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.

Yet despite two decades of strategies and a number of major health reforms, we have failed to make meaningful progress on any of these aims.

That is why Reform is launching a new programme of work entitled “Reimagining health,” supported by ten former health ministers from across the three main political parties. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” ofthe hospital-centric model we retain.

This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise—yer there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinations ofhealth. Worse, when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the hefty price tag of treating the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.

Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be devolved to local leaders, often responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding ofthe needs oftheir populations?

26. According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS                   .

A. is troubled by funding deficiencies

B. can hardly satisfy people’s needs

C. can hardly retain its current employees

D. is rivalled by private medical services

27. One answer to the crisis in health and care is to                   .

A. boost the efficiency of hospitals

B. lighten the burden on social care

C. increase resources for primary care

D. reduce the pressure on communities

28. “Reimagining health” is aimed to                   .

A. reinforce hospital management

B. readjust healthcare regulations

C. restructure the health system

D. resume suspended health reforms

29. To maximise the nation’s health, the author suggests                   .

A. introduce relevant taxation policies

B. paying due attention to social factors

C. reevaluation major health outcomes

D. enhancing the quality of healthcare

30. It can be inferred that local leaders should                   .

A. exercise their power more reasonably

B. develop a stronger sense ofresponsibility

C. play a bigger role in the health system

D. understand people’s health needs better

Heat action plans, or HAPs, have been proliferating in India in the past few years. In general, an HAP spells out when and how officials should issue heat warnings and alert hospitals and other institutions. Nagpur’s plan, for instance, calls for hospitals to set aside “cold wards” in the summer for treating heatstroke patients, and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.

But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven, according to a March report from the Centre for Policy Research (CPR), a prominent Indian think tank. It reviewed 37 plans adopted by cities, states, or administrative districts. Many lack adequate funding, it found. And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate, says Dileep Mavalankar, director of the Indian Institute of Public Health, who has been closely involved in Ahmedabad’s HAP.

In some areas, high daytime temperatures alone might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts. Ahmedabad, for example, set its threshold for initial alerts at 41℃ based on data showing that heat-related deaths began to climb at that point. But in other places, nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge ofrisk as daytime highs.

Mumbai’s April heat stroke deaths highlighted the need for more nuanced and localized warnings, researchers say. That day’s high temperature of roughly 36℃ was 1℃ shy ofthe heatwave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities. But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity—an often neglected factor in heat alert systems—and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony. Ironically, the state of Maharashtra, which includes Mumbai, had adopted its own HAP just 2 months before the tragedy. It advised shifting outdoor events to early mornings on hot days.To help improve HAPs, Kotharkar’s team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions. Among other things, she says, all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk. (The CPR study found that only two ofthe 37 HAPs it examined identified the most vulnerable populations.)

Such mapping doesn’t need to be complex, Kotharkar says. “A useful map can be created by looking at even a few key parameters.” For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings that cope poorly with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling centers. The Nagpur project has already created a risk and vulnerability map, which enabled Kotharkar to tell officials which neighborhoods to focus on in the event of a heatwave this summer.

HAPs shouldn’tjust include short-term emergency responses, researchers say, but also recommend medium- to long-term measures that could make communities cooler. In Nagpur, for example, Kotharkar’s team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade. HAPs could also guide efforts to retrofit homes ortweak building regulations. “Reducing deaths is good target to have, but it’s the lowest,” Singh says.

31. According to Paragraph1, Nagpur’s plan proposes measures to                   .

A. tackle extreme weather

B. ensure construction quality

C. monitor emergency warnings

D. address excessive workloads

32. One problem with existing HAPs is that they                   .

A. prove too costly to be implemented

B. lack localized alert-issuing criteria

C. give delayed responses to heatwaves

D. keep hospitals under great pressure

33. Mumbai’s case shows that India’sheat alert systems need to                   .

A. include other factors besides temperature

B. take subtle weather changes into account

C. prioritize potentially disastrous heatwaves

D. draw further support from local authorities

34. Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help                   .

A. prevent the harm of high humidity

B. target areas need special attention

C. expand the Nagpur projects coverage

D. make relief plans for heat-stricken people

35. According to the last paragraph, researchers suggest that heat action plans

(HAPs) should                   .

A. focus more on the heatstroke treatment

B. invite wider public participation

C. apply for more government grants

D. serve a broader range of purposes

Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the unspoken preferences, shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans. Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and cross hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.

Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour. Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.

Yet, reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans, citing concerns about safety, environmental impact, or primarily, aesthetics. A Reddit webpage devoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks. This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.

The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path, created by Native Americans to cross the forests ofManhattan and move between settlements quickly. This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one ofthe main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen’s Street. Following the British assumption of control in New York, the street was renamed Broadway. Notably, Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city, cutting a diagonal across parts ofthe city.

In online spaces, desire paths have sparked a fascination that can approach obsession,with the Reddit page serving as a hub. Contributors offer a wide array of stories, from little-known new shortcuts to long-established alternate routes.

Animal desire paths, such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens, highlight the adaptability of these trails in both human and animal experiences. As desire paths criss-cross through both physical and virtual landscapes, they stand as a proof of the collective insistence on forging unconventional routes and embracing the spirit of communal choice.

36. According to Paragraph 1, desire paths are a result of                   .

A. the curiosity to explore surrounding hills

B. the necessity to preserve green spaces

C. the tendency to pursue convenience

D. the wish to find comfort in solitude

37. It can be inferred that Ohio State University                   .

A. intends to improve its desire paths

B. leads in the research on desire paths

C. guides the creation of its desire paths

D. takes a positive view of desire paths

38. The images on the Reddit webpage reflect                   .

A. conflicting opinions on the use of desire paths

B. the call to upgrade the designing of public spaces

C. the demand for proper planning of desire paths

D. growing concerns over the loss of public spaces

39. The example ofthe Wickquasgeck Trail illustrates                   .

A. the growth ofNew York City

B. the Dutch origin of desire paths

C. the importance of urban planning

D. the recognition of desire paths

40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths                   .

A. reveal humans’ deep respect for nature

B. are crucial to humans mental wellbeing

C. are a human imitation of animal behaviour

D. show a shared trait in humans and animals

A. Stay positive

B. Respect the past

C. Use channels

D. Give it a time

E. Invite resistance

F. Be a salesman

G. Be humble

Everyone wants to be that person—the one who looks at the same information as everyone else, but who sees afresh, innovative solution. However, it takes more than simply having a good idea. How you share it is as important as the suggestion itself.

Why? Because writing a new script—literally or figuratively—means that other team members will have to adapt to something new. Not to mention, if the process you’re scrapping is one someone else suggested, there’s the possibility of hurt feelings.

To gain buy-in on an innovative, new idea, follow these steps:

41.                   .

Great ideas don’t stand alone. In other words, you can’t mention your suggestion once and expect it to be adopted. To see a change, you’ll need to champion your plan and sell its merits. In addition, you need to be willing to stand up to scrutiny and criticism and be prepared to explain your innovation in different ways for various audiences.

42.                   .

Sometimes it makes sense togo to your boss first. But other times, it’s useful to build a coalition among your co-workers or other stakeholders. When it works, it works great—because you’re ready for you stubborn supervisor’s pushback with answers like, “Actually, I connected with a few people in our department to discuss how much time these kinds of websites would take, and they suggested they have the bandwidth.”

43.                   .

One of the biggest barriers to gaining buy-in occurs when the owner of an idea is viewed as argumentative, defensive, or close-mind. Because let’sbe honest: No one likes know-it-all. So, if people disagree with you, don’t be indignant. Instead, listen to their concerns fully, try to understand their perspective, and include their concerns (and possible remedies) in future discussions.

So, instead ofsaying, “Martha, our current slogan is confusing and should be update,” you could try, “Martha raises a great point that our current slogan has a long history for our stakeholders, but I wonder if we might be able to brainstorm a tagline on that—and be clearer for new customers.”

44.                   .

New ideas are the grandchildren of old ones. In other words, don’tthrow old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out. Remember that in light of whatever the problem the old system solved—or, maybe, has failed to solve in recent memory—it was a great idea at the time. Appreciating the older contributions as you suggest future innovations helps bolster the credibility of your idea.

45.                   .

When pitching a new idea, it’s important to use the language of abundance instead of deficit. Instead of saying what is wrong, broken, or suboptimal, talk about what isright, fixable or ideal. For example, try, “I can see lots of applications for this new approach” rather than, “This innovation is the only way.” Be optimistic but realistic, and you will stand out.

41. 正确答案 F

42. 正确答案 C

43. 正确答案 G

44. 正确答案 B

45. 正确答案 A

You know the moment—the conversation slows, then there’s a pause. It’s awkward, and so awkward that some people will panic and say anything. Do we all find such silences so stressful?

Researchers analysed the frequency and impact of gaps greater than 2 seconds during conversation, including an overview of previous studies which indicate that the fear of awkward silences can be so extreme that people avoid talking to strangers, eventhough doing so is likely to bean enjoyable experience.

During conversation with short gaps, people feel more connected to their conversation partners. But such feelings of connection markedly dip when entering a long gap. Long gaps between strangers are likely to be followed by a change in topic.

But the opposite seems to be true for conversation between friends. Long gaps there saw increased connection. Between friends, longer gaps seem to provide natural moments for reflection and expression.

参考翻译：

你知道，当对话中出现停顿的那一刻，接着就会有一段沉默。这很尬，尬到有些人会因此感到慌乱，随口说出些什么。我们是否都会觉得这样的沉默让人感到很有压力呢?

研究人员分析了对话中超过2秒间隔的频率和影响，包括一项对以往研究的综述这些研究表明，人们对尴尬沉默的恐惧可能极为强烈，以至于人们会避免与陌生人交谈，即使这样的交谈很可能是一次愉快的经历。

在间隔较短的对话中，人们会感觉与对话伙伴更加亲近，但如果出现长时间的间隔，这种亲近感会明显减弱。陌生人之间的长时间间隔后，很可能会改变话题。但对于朋友间的对话，情况似乎恰恰相反。朋友间的长时间间隔反而增强了彼此之间的联系，为反思和表达提供了更长的时间。

满分范文（齐辙老师版本）：

Dear John,

空一行

I am writing this email to introduce a short play which I am scheduling now and is based on a classic Chinese novel and invite you to be one of the performers.

我写此邮件主要是介绍我正在策划的基于一部经典中国小说的短剧，并邀请你

成为参演者之一。

空一行

The novel is Way to Success. The protagonist Xu Yuanchong graduated from a famous university as a “Straight A” student. He was awarded the translation scholarship three times and the interpretation scholarship four times in his university. He has been working as a translator and a teacher after graduation. He prefers translation to interpretation mainly because translation calls for more deliberation and mastery of bilingualism. As he often puts, in interpretation, one should pick up a word, but in translation, one has to pick up the word.

空一行

I do hope you will enjoy it and I am looking forward to your feedback.

空一行

Best wishes,

Li Ming

满分范文（齐辙老师版本）：

The column chart clearly and characteristically paints a picture that a certain community’s old people’s leisure activities vary. To put it like this, 90.8% of senior citizens view watching TV as their cup of tea, compared with the percentage of the aged choosing to go for a walk, grow flowers, read online or offline and play Chinese chess accounting for 68.3%, 34.7%, 31.8% and 18.4% respectively.

空一行

Analyzing the causes helps people connect the dots and have a better understanding of this cognitive difference. For starters, older people grow up in distinctive family backgrounds, exerting a huge impact on their way of thinking of what entertaining events should be taken. Furthermore, the elderly are in favor of divergent information carriers, so the perceptual gap is getting wider and wider. Finally, pensioners have made different friends and have been taught by various teachers in the process of growth and aging. Therefore, their thinking paradigms may be significantly influenced.

空一行

To conclude, from my perspective, accommodating this colorful world where nothing endures but change will require unbiased attitudes on fives sides adopting recreational activities. Looking beyond the absolute binary war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that rationality is the basis of any analysis and conclusion of differential thought patterns.